Breaks & page tuning

LaTeX’s line- and page-breaking is excellent, but occasionally needs a nudge — fixing a word that will not hyphenate, forcing or forbidding a break, or banishing a stranded line (a widow or orphan). This page is the toolkit — but a last resort: it is safer to adjust the wording first than to insert manual breaks.

Hyphenation

LaTeX hyphenates automatically using each language’s patterns. To adjust one word, use \- (a discretionary hyphen: man\-u\-script breaks there, and only if needed). For global exceptions, list them in the preamble with \hyphenation{man-u-script ...} (mark allowed points with -). The hyphenat package adds finer control (URLs, already-hyphenated words, or turning hyphenation off). Patterns are per-language, and babel activates the right ones.

\hyphenation{man-u-script data-base}   % 例外をプリアンブルで / exceptions in the preamble
... man\-u\-script ...                  % \- は任意ハイフン / discretionary hyphen

Line breaking — \\ / \linebreak / \sloppy

\\ forces a line break (in paragraphs and tables), \newline breaks running text, \linebreak[n] (n 0–4, 4 forces) breaks the line while keeping it justified, and \nolinebreak[n] forbids a break. For a paragraph with stubborn overfull lines, wrap it in \sloppy … \fussy (or the sloppypar environment): LaTeX then widens word spacing rather than running into the margin — use it locally, not document-wide. For pages: \pagebreak[n] / \nopagebreak[n], \newpage, and \clearpage (which also flushes floats).

{\sloppy この段落だけ語間を緩める。 \par}   % 局所的に / locally
\linebreak[4]   % 行分割を強制（両端揃え）/ force a justified break

Widows & orphans

A widow is the last line of a paragraph stranded alone at the top of a page; an orphan (club line) is the first line stranded at the bottom. Discourage them by raising penalties — \clubpenalty (orphan) and \widowpenalty (widow), both default 1000; set them to 10000 to strongly avoid. To fix one stubborn page, \enlargethispage{\baselineskip} makes it a line taller, or \raggedbottom lets page bottoms vary in height (whereas the default \flushbottom stretches to equalize them).

\clubpenalty=10000              % オーファンを強く回避 / strongly avoid orphans
\widowpenalty=10000             % ウィドウを強く回避 / strongly avoid widows
\enlargethispage{\baselineskip} % このページを1行分高く / one line taller here